Smiling teacher with a group of happy primary school learners in front of a green chalkboard – building brighter futures for children with ADHD.

How to Spot ADHD in Your Learners: A Guide for South African Teachers

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders in children. In South African classrooms, many learners with ADHD go undiagnosed or are misunderstood, often mistaken for being "naughty," "lazy," or "difficult." As a teacher, you play a vital role in recognising early signs and supporting these learners to succeed academically and socially.

oung learners seated and focused during classwork – supporting attention and learning in children with ADHD

What Is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurological condition that affects a learner’s ability to focus, regulate impulses, and control hyperactive behaviour. It often appears before the age of 12, but many South African children go undiagnosed due to stigma, lack of awareness, or limited access to health care.

There are three main types of ADHD:

  • Inattentive Type (often called ADD): Difficulty focusing, staying organised, and following instructions.
  • Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: Excessive movement, fidgeting, and impulsive behaviour.
  • Combined Type: A mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

ADHD in the South African Classroom

South African teachers face unique challenges—large class sizes, varied home languages, and limited resources. This makes spotting ADHD more difficult, especially when symptoms may overlap with trauma, hunger, or language barriers.

Common Challenges in SA Schools:

  • Learners acting out due to undiagnosed conditions
  • ADHD symptoms mistaken for behavioural problems
  • Limited access to educational psychologists or support services

By understanding how ADHD presents, teachers can become early advocates for learners who might otherwise fall through the cracks.

Signs of ADHD to Look Out For

Here are some common behaviours you may notice in learners with ADHD. Keep in mind that all children may occasionally display these behaviours—but with ADHD, they are more frequent and severe.

1. Inattention

  • Often daydreams or seems "elsewhere"
  • Struggles to finish tasks or follow through
  • Frequently forgets instructions or loses school supplies
  • Avoids tasks that require sustained focus

2. Hyperactivity

  • Fidgets or squirms constantly
  • Gets up from their seat at inappropriate times
  • Talks excessively or interrupts others
  • Struggles with quiet activities

3. Impulsivity

  • Shouts out answers in class
  • Has difficulty waiting their turn
  • Acts without thinking of consequences
  • Interrupts conversations or games

What Teachers Can Do

You don’t need a diagnosis to start supporting a learner.

Quick Classroom Tips:

  • Use structure and routine: Visual timetables help learners know what to expect.
  • Give clear, step-by-step instructions: Break tasks into small, manageable steps.
  • Minimise distractions: Seat the learner away from windows, doors, and noisy classmates.
  • Encourage movement breaks: Let learners stretch or run quick errands when possible.
  • Use positive reinforcement: Acknowledge effort and progress, not just results.

READ: Classroom Hacks to Help Teachers Keep ADHD Students Motivated

If you notice consistent symptoms, talk to caregivers and suggest a professional assessment (via local clinics or SBST teams).

Reminder for SA Teachers

ADHD is not about being naughty. It's a real condition—and early support can make a lifelong difference. Your observations matter!

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